Corneal topography is a diagnostic test that uses computerized technology to create a detailed map of the surface of the cornea. This test can help diagnose keratoconus by revealing the characteristic cone-shaped deformity of the cornea that is associated with the condition.
During a corneal topography test, the person being tested sits in front of a device called a topographer, which projects a series of concentric rings of light onto the surface of the cornea. The topographer then uses a camera to take multiple images of the cornea from different angles, and the resulting images are used to create a detailed map of the cornea's surface.
In a healthy eye, the cornea has a regular, symmetrical shape that allows light to be focused accurately on the retina, resulting in clear vision. In a person with keratoconus, the cornea is thin and cone-shaped, causing the light entering the eye to be distorted and resulting in blurry and distorted vision.
A corneal topography test can reveal the characteristic cone-shaped deformity of the cornea in a person with keratoconus, providing important diagnostic information to the eye care professional. This information can then be used to develop a personalized treatment plan to help preserve and improve vision in people with keratoconus.